![]() ![]() ![]() The alkali metal concentration in the pore solution strongly affects the pH of the solution, which in turn influences the aqueous speciation and the concentrations of the other dissolved components. The presence of alkali metals in cementitious materials is of great importance as the alkali concentration plays a key role for the chemical and mechanical properties of cementitious materials. The K and Na concentrations predicted using the fine-tuned CASH+NK model are in a good agreement with the measured values for PC and PC + SF system at different water to binder ratios, silica fume additions, and at temperatures up to 80 ☌. The agreement was maintained with the experiments used to originally parameterize the CASH+ model for the uptake of K and Na in dilute systems. To get an improved agreement with the pore solution data, the stability of two CASH+ model endmembers, TCKh and TCNh, has been fine-tuned with standard Gibbs energy corrections of + 7.0 and + 5.0 kJ It was originally developed for dilute systems with high water–solid ratios, and thus in this paper further optimized and benchmarked against measured pore solution compositions of hydrated Portland cement (PC) and PC blended with silica fume (SF) at realistic water-binder ratios. The CASH+ sublattice solid solution model of C–S–H aims to predict the composition of C–S–H and its ability to take up alkalis. ![]()
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